If you’re installing Arch Linux and encounter PGP signature errors during the pacstrap command, you’re not alone.
This is one of the most common issues faced during Arch installation, but fortunately, it’s usually straightforward to fix.

The Error

The error typically looks something like this:

error: linux: signature from "..." is invalid
error: failed to commit transaction (invalid or corrupted package)

Why This Happens

PGP (Pretty Good Privacy) signatures are used to verify that packages haven’t been tampered with. The errors occur when:

• Your system’s keyring isn’t properly initialized
• The keyring is outdated
• Your system time is incorrect (signatures are time-sensitive)
• You’re using an old installation ISO

The Solution

Step 1: Set the Correct System Time

PGP signatures are extremely time-sensitive. An incorrect system clock is often the culprit:

timedatectl set-ntp true

Wait a few seconds for time synchronization, then verify:

timedatectl status

Step 2: Initialize the Keyring

Initialize and populate the Arch Linux keyring:

pacman-key --init
pacman-key --populate archlinux

Step 3: Update the Keyring Package

Update to the latest keyring:

pacman -Sy archlinux-keyring

Step 4: Try Pacstrap Again

Now attempt the installation:

pacstrap -K /mnt base linux linux-firmware

Still Having Issues?

If the above steps don’t resolve the problem, try these additional solutions:

Refresh All Keys

This takes longer but can resolve stubborn key issues:

pacman-key --refresh-keys

Check Your Installation Medium

If your Arch ISO is more than a few months old, the keys may be too outdated. Download a fresh ISO from the official Arch Linux download page and create a new installation medium.

Verify Your Internet Connection

Ensure you have a stable internet connection. The installation process needs to download packages and verify signatures online.

Complete Workflow

Here’s the complete sequence of commands to fix most PGP-related issues:

# Sync system time
timedatectl set-ntp true

# Initialize the keyring
pacman-key --init
pacman-key --populate archlinux

# Update keyring package
pacman -Sy archlinux-keyring

# Proceed with installation
pacstrap -K /mnt base linux linux-firmware

Prevention Tips

1. Always use the latest ISO - Download a fresh ISO for each installation
2. Check your system time - Verify the time is correct before starting
3. Stable internet connection - Use a wired connection when possible

Conclusion

PGP signature errors during Arch installation can be frustrating, but they’re usually resolved by initializing the keyring and ensuring your system time is correct. The Arch Linux community has excellent documentation, and these issues are well-documented in the Arch Wiki.

Happy installing, and welcome to Arch Linux!